Week 15: My Learning

Monday, December 06, 2010


It is hard to believe that we are in the fifteenth week of this class. Time literally has just flown by. Though the end is right around the corner, I still have a ton to accomplish before I can say I have closed this chapter of R685 "The World is Open with Web Technology" I have to open my personal door, my mind, to the Web 2.0 that is out there beyond this class. Each week of this class has been filled with articles, videos, group discussions, an guest speakers that have more than enough information to make 15 different classes instead of compiling them all into one. It was once thought that the more people use technology, the less social able they would be. According to the article Technology doesn't isolate people: U.S. study, technology can enhance a persons' sociability. How? A person is able to talk about something they know and are passionate about such as technology in this technology advancing world. What was once deemed to be nerdy and awkward to talk about, is not soically acceptable and necessry in this wide opening world.


For me, this class has been filled with both ups and downs. Downs would be I am just know starting to understand this whole Web 2.0 concept, I wish I had done my weekly blog post and commented on my critical friends video blog and blog weekly and I wish I had more technology background prior to the entrance of this class. Despite these deemed negative exposures, I have not only learned from my mistakes, I have also learned a tremendous amount from this class. The topics that I have been so thrilled to learn over these past weeks:

       1. Intro to Open World and Neo Millennial/Web 2.0 Learners

       2. Digital Literacy Skills

       3. The Sudden Explosion of E-Books and E-Book Readers

       4. The Continued Expansion of Blended and Fully Online Learning

       5. The Movement toward Free and Open Source Software

       6. Open Educational Resources (OER) and OpenCourseWare (OCW)

       7. Connectivism, Social Knowledge, and Participatory Learning

       8. Wikis, Wikipedia, Wikibooks, and Collaborative Writing

       9. YouTube, TeacherTube, and the Future of Shared Online Video

     10. Interactive and Collaborative Learning

     11. Alternate Reality Learning: Massive Gaming, Virtual Reality, and Simulations

     12. Educational Blogging

     13. Mobile, Wireless, and Ubiquitous Learning

     14. Podcasting, Webcasting, and Coursecasting

     15. Networks of Personalized Learning (including online language learning)

through each of the entitled lectures, have been very helpful to me in this technology advancing world. 


The last day of class will be filled with individual and one group presentation in a form of one of the Web 2.0 Technologies heavily discussed in this class. From YouTube to Podcast to Video Blogging, and Second Life just to name a few. This class is one of a kind in terms of Web 2.0. I can truly say from my current understanding of this class that "The World is Open...with Web Technologies." :) -Curt Bonk, Ph.D.


References:
1. Technology doesn't isolate people: U.S. study (Agencies) Updated: 2009-11-06 11:05 http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2009-11/06/content_8924083.htm

Week 14: You wouldn't understand...its a casting thing.

Monday, November 29, 2010


Podcasting "is a series of digital media files (either audio or video) that are released episodically and oftendownloaded through web syndication. The word usurped webcast in common vernacular, due to rising popularity of the iPod and the innovation of web feeds". Podcasting and webcasting are used interchangeably just like Online and Distance Learning.  When I think of Podcasting, I think of a person with a monotone voice providing information via a lecture. There are no pictures, music, games, or other interactive media to draw my attention to the information. 


To me, I wonder what is the difference between podcast and listening to an AM informational radio program. The only differences I see is that Podcast is done on the Internet and you can listen to them at your convenience. Professors use podcast as an audio recording of lectures for those who missed class for various reasons. In the article by Cara Lane, UW podcasting: Evaluation of Year One, she did a survey of students who actively listened to Podcast over one year. She wanted to know did Podcast make a difference in student attendance to class as the information was recorded and was easily accessible. Basically, she found that the use of podcast played virtually no effect on students attendance to class. If students were going, they would so because they wanted to but if they did not want to go, they would not go with our with out the availability of a Podcast.


After I read this article, we were required to listen to a Podcast of any length in any subject. To me, I easily lost interest in what I was doing. I am a visual and a hands-on interactive learner. Since the podcast had neither, I played solitaire to keep my hands going and to have something to look at. While this was occurring, I lost interest in the information embedded in the Podcast as the speaker was not enthusiastic about the topic. Though he did have the words on the screen so there was something to look at, I felt as though I was reading faster than the speaker which once again caused me to lose focus on the information. I can see how some people use and prefer Podcast however this is not a learning tool for me.


References
1. Lane, Cara (2006). UW podcasting: Evaluation of Year One. Retrieved on June 25, 2010, from http://catalyst.washington.edu/research_development/papers/2006/podcasting_year1.pdf
2. Podcast. Wikipedia Foundation Inc. Retrieved December 4, 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcast

Week 13: I'll have my learning....to go!

Monday, November 22, 2010

Learning is the process of gaining knowledge. How is this done? According to the theory the Conditions of Learning by Robert Gagne (1965), learning is achieved through four phases:

             Phase I - Receiving a Stimulus Situation

             Phase II- Stage of Acquisition

             Phase III - Storage

             Phase IV - Retrieval

In order to meet these phases, instruction must be delivered in a manner to guide the design of instruction. There are 9 events that lead to learning:
             1. Gain Attention
             2. Inform Learners of objects
             3. Stimulate Recall of prior learning
             4. Present stimulus material
             5. Provide Learner Guidance
             6. Elicit performance
             7. Provide feedback about performance
             8. Assessing performance
             9. Enhancing detection and performance
These can be depicted by a staircase in the sense that you need the previous one in order to move from the main floor to the second level.

Over the past 13 weeks, we have learned different ways in which people learn: Blended Learning, Distance Learning, Connectivism, and Collaborative Learning just to name a few. In this day and time, we have also seen that people learn through mobile, wireless, and ubiquitous learning. Literally learning is at your fingertips and can be placed in your pocket on idle until you are ready to learn some more.

In the article by James Kadirire, Instant messaging for creating interactive and collaborative m-learning environments, he states that we learn from more than just searching and reading information online. We learn from each other via text and instant messages. This is a fast way to exchange information instantaneously. Mobile devices can be used internationally, are compatible in numerous langauages, and expand the ability to edcuate oneself in a new domain however though these devices are so great, they can be very costly to maintain.

In the article by Kristine Peters, M-Learning: Positioning educators for a mobile, connected future, she encourges educators to get mobile suavey as these are the way for learning in the future. A person can be in a porter potty in the middle of farmland USA and are able to learn Mandarin from someone n mainstream China. The only thing holding a learner from this mobile learning is the lack of reception of the wireless domain where towers are sparce or non-existance. Once this problem has been fixed, anyone will be able to learn anything from literally anyplace in the world.

Our guest speaker of this week, Dr. Paul Kim, lectured on the importance and rapid emergence of mobile, wireless, and ubiquitous learning. He and his team has created, built, and internationally marketed learning motiques such as handheld games that can be regenerated by riding a bicycle or flying a kite. Those in rural areas around the world are able to learn by just the click of their fingers. He has so many products and ideas that reemphasize the importiance of ubiquitous learning and shows that it is not going away anytime soon. It will only continue to grow and enhance as time goes on. This is another way in which we see that learning is more than just books, a class, students, and a teacher. Learning encompasses many methods like the use of mobile devices. If you thought this was simply a hoax, you are wrong. In fact, the future is here, and learning is now on the go. Are you ready?

References:

1. Gagne, R. M., (1985) The Conditions of Learning and Theory of Instruction. New York: CBS College Publishing.
2. Kadirire, James (2007, June). Instant messaging for creating interactive and collaborative m-learning environments. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 8(1). Retrieved on June 25, 2010, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/344/874
3. Peters, Kristine (2007, June). M-Learning: Positioning educators for a mobile, connected future.  International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning.8(1). Retrieved on June 25, 2010, from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/350/894

4. Timeline. (2008-2009). Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction is Published. Famento, Inc. http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=213249

Week 12: Do you BLOG?

Monday, November 15, 2010

When I first started to blog for this class, I was simply treating this blog like a diary. I stated how I personally was feeling, my thoughts about the class as a whole, and what I hoped to get out of this class. I did not reflect on what I had learned in class nor did I post anything I found confusing, wanted to expand on, or thought was not needed. Once I got some feedback from Dr. Liu, our associate instructor, I quickly realized that I was not on the right path. With a brief email from her and a few other email correspondences back and forth, I made the necessary changes. My blog went from that of my "feelings" on the class to educational blog of reflections of the different topics and ideas that arose in each class. 

In Dr. Liu's lecture, she started with two warm-up questions: 

1. What is a blog? 

2. What are the motivational factors to contribute to the continuing blogging behavior of a blogger?

From what I have gathered from this class, a blog is a journal entry that is web-based and can been seen by anyone. Followers are those who regularly read a specific person's blog and will comment from time to time with information regarding their personal thoughts on the information listed in the blog. According to Bonk (2010) a blog is a “Web log”—is an online, chronological collection of personal commentary and links. Easy to create and use from anywhere with an Internet connection

            1. It is private and self conscious thus causing a benefit to oneself.

            2. Seeking reassurance and would like to benefit from a blogging interactive relationship with someone else.
            3. Needs to provide and/or acquire information thus they benefit from information handling skills.

This leads me to wonder do blogs solely focus on the readers, the blogger, or is it simply an exchange of information?

In the article entitled How People are using Twitter during Conferences by Reinhardt, Ebner, Beham, and Costa (2009), we got an idea into Educational Blogging. Let us take Twitter for example. Twitter is an online, public broadcast service where its intent is for people to microexchange information via chatting with friends, tweeting, or stating what is on their mind. Twitter is easily accessible through mobile devices, computers, and iPads just to name a few. There is a Twitter specific domain, a "Hashtag" that allows its users to create a grouping pattern on Twitter. News cast, celebrities, schools, and the regular public tweets on Twitter simply for reporting information from school closings, to unplanned weather, to celebrity sitings. Though Twitter itself is a good tool for all that it can do, but because it can do so much and it is easily accessible, Twitter can be extremely distracting. Take for example a conference. Say someone like Dr. Bonk is presenting live and through Skype and someone ha a comment who are not face-to-face, then they can tweet the comment. This is good as their topic gets broadcasted but at the same time this can be distracting if Dr. Bonk and his followers have the Twitter page up or an alert set for every time a new tweet arrives. 

This answers my above questions, blogs are an exchange of information first written by the blogger, read passively by a follower and that is the end all or the blog is written by the blogger, explicitly read by the follower/learner, commented on by the learner, and then the blogger or other leaders until a new blog post is created. Blogs are an Educational tool and I do understand the use of them now. Though they can be distracting but simultaneously very useful if used correctly. Instructors uses blogs to Keep students up-to-date, extend course beyond class (blending), make course more interactive and personal, etc. Fosters student reflection on content—a content and course focus (Bonk 2010). I am happy to know this as I first thought blogs was an online journal filled with peoples opinions and now I know that it is more than just that.


Everyone has their own specific roles of blogs but like with most research, more research has to be done on blogs both longitudinally and systematically in order to create a good theory on the importance and need for blogs. As for now, do you BLOG? If no, then you are not one of the hundreds of millions of people who do (Bonk 2010). You should at least read one blog even if done so passively.

References
1. Curtis Bonk, Ph.D. Blog Uses and Applications Powerpoint. 2010. 
2. Xiaojing Liu, Ph.D. Research on Blogging PowerPoint (2010). Special Issue on Blogging (2007, July). Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 12(4). http://jcmc.indiana.edu. 
3. Wolfgang Reinhardt, Martin Ebner, Günter Beham, & Cristina Costa (2009, March). How People are using Twitter during Conferences. http://lamp.tu-graz.ac.at/~i203/ebner/publication/09_edumedia.pdf

Week 11: Reality Learning

Monday, November 08, 2010


Massive Gaming; Virtual Reality; Simulations. These are all Alternate Reality Learning. What do these all mean?! 


Games are learning environments in that virtual worlds requires us to think about knowing (Douglas et. al 2009). The idea of the game as an institution can help us understand how it functions n a broader social context by providing structure and meaning to the game world and set the parameters for what is possible in the space (Douglas et. al 2009). I consider myself a gamer. I played Nintentdo, Super Nintendo, Sega, and Gameboy all when I was growing up. As I got to be around 13 or so, I kind of stop gaming. I didn't think it was cool anymore and in fact, starting high school, I did not have much time for anything outside of school, sports, band, and volunteering. When I entered IU, I noticed gaming was back on the market. It was very popular among college boys. One game in particular appealed me, Grand Theft Auto which was on PlayStation. It was completely out of my element however it intrigued me. Here I was playing a gaming system that I only saw Freshmen and Sophomore boys play. I literally was a convict who went around stealing cars and changing them so no one would figure me out. I would earn points by beating-up prostitutes and street walkers and steeling whatever cash or jewelry they had when they were laying helplessly in a pool of blood on the sidewalk or even in the street. This was gaming at a different level.


Per Douglas et. al (2009), virtual worlds are persistent, avatar-based social spaces that provide players or participants with the ability to engage in long-term joint coordinated action. The cultures and meanings in these world come from a complex set of interactions among the participants (Douglas et. al 2009). Dr. Toh discussed the Information Technology Service Center in her country of Thailand. They are the leader of e-Learning in Thailand. She is a visiting scholar to IU who is absorbing what she is learning this semester and plans on taking it back to incorporate into her business. In the YouTube: The Current Status of Thailand ICT in Education she herself is communicating with an Avatar to explain the current status of e-learning education in Thailand. Her company does it primarily through gaming, virtual reality, and simulations. Though they work hand-in-hand for her work, they are very different. The learning done by her students are through these alternate reality while incorporating conceptual blending which ties into the idea of the networked imagination (Douglas et. al 2009). 


Now the World of Warcraft has taken over. Per Nardi et. al (2007), World of Warcraft is one of the most popular online video games. The play is complex, the player develops a strategy, one discovers the game facts, and one is able to choose their character and its development. One of the most important feature of the game is quest. You name the person, have a goal, get to the goal, and earn a reward (Nardi et. al 2007). Since there is no planed curriculum, (it is spontaneous, erratic, serendipitous, and contextual), learning in conversation is event driven (Nardi et. al 2007). You as a player, a learner, a gamer learns and invents the moral order of the game by coming to understandings about the right way to play (Nardi et. al 2007). Since this is an alternate reality, the overall goal is to examine conversational activity in the zone of proximal development to investigate the nature of learning in World of Warcraft (Nardi et. al 2007).


Gaming is more than just gaming. It is a learning tool that has helped to intrigued those learning a different language or subject through another e-learning tool.


References:
1. Bonnie A. Nardi, Stella Ly, & Justin Harris (2007). Learning conversations in World of Warcraft. forthcoming in Proc. HICSS 2007. Retrieved on June 25, 2010, from http://darrouzet-nardi.net/bonnie/pdf/Nardi-HICSS.pdf
2. Douglas, Thomas and John Seely Brown (2009, January). Why Virtual Worlds Matter. International Journal of Media and Learning, Vol. 1(1).http://www.johnseelybrown.com/needvirtualworlds.pdf

Week 10 Learning: Interactively and Collaboratively

Monday, November 01, 2010


This week we started off with Abdullah presenting his MARC (midterm project). He wrote a paper however he went further by presenting a visual representation of all that he has learned in the class. Honestly, I was more than impressed for 3 reasons:
1. The detail of the visual representation makes me want to learn more
2. The in person audio that Abdullah provided helped to emphasize points of his visual presentation which could stand alone if needed.
3. I feel as though the summary of the first 9 weeks of this R685 Web 2.0 Class has helped me to see its overall big picture. Kudos!


Interactive Learning is getting information through a hands-on, interactive means. Collaborative Learning is  grouping learning together to get one learning goal. Four types of Collaborative Learning are Think-Pair-Share, Three-step Interview, Simple Jigsaw, and Numbered Heads Together.


Next, Rita H. Oates, Ph.D. from ePals presented on ePal and K-12 collaboration. What is ePals? ePals is "the leading provider of safe collaborative technology for schools to connect and learn in a protected, project-based learning network (ePals 2010)". She described that Web 0.0 is simply a book, Web 1.0 is searching online, and Web 2.0 is interactively learning at a distance (i.e. online). She stated that ePals is a global community where we can all internationally learn and interact from and with each other. In short, ePal is the "World's Largest K-12 Learning Network!" (ePals 2010). After Dr. Oates brief introduction of herself and ePals, she spent the majority of the class exploring ePals sites for us to see. This sees like something I should take further interest in if I decided to continue down the K-12 path. 


We next followed by presenting quotes that we found in the various readings that was applicable to our personal studies. My two were:
1. "Distance learners are generally as engaged and often more engaged than their campus-based counterparts, with the exception of engagement in active and collaborative learning activities". (Chen et. al 2008). I chose this quote as I agree with it. Yes, since distance learners are not on campus, they have to spend that extra time on projects and presentations as they cannot hop up and go to face-to-face office hours or help for further clarification however with this, distance learners do tend to miss out on learning in a collaborative sense in that they tend to learn and work solo.
2. "Older students report greater gains and are more likely to engage in higher order mental activities such as analysis and synthesis as part of their studies" (Chen et al. 2008) In classes where I have older, non-traditional students specifically at the undergraduate level, I do tend to see that they are more analytic than the typical, traditional student. Their views helps them to learn has they have had more outside of the classroom experience than the traditional students.


Finally, Dr. Bonk ended the class with a presentation on online collaboration. This was an interesting presentation for me to listen to as it made me think differently of my first quote above. Dr. Bonk reminded us of the SARS epidemic in China, the Katrina Hurricane in New Orleans, and the earthquake in Haiti. Through the use of distance learning such as Ustream, Skype, and Google Docs, those hit by natural disasters and epidemics can still be on the same track as those who have the live, face-to-face setting. Yes this is a Web 2.0n class but when you read certain articles that are very convincing, sometimes I will forget that there are more out there with great information just like this week. In general Interactive and Collaborative Learning go hand-in-hand. They work with each other.


References
1. Chen, P., R. Gonyea, and G. Kuh (2008). Learning at a distance: Engaged or not?. Innovate 4 (3). Retrieved on June 25, 2010, fromhttp://www.innovateonline.info/pdf/vol4_issue3/Learning_at_a_Distance-__Engaged_or_Not_.pdf

Week 9 Its Tube Time!

Monday, October 25, 2010

It seems as though that technology advancing learning uses YouTube, TeacherTube, and Shared Online Video. What do these all mean?

This week we started out the class with having two of our fellow classmates present on the topic of using video for Education. First Elliot presented with evidence that using videos for teaching has been an increasing phenomenon. It has been done so on all education levels and in all subjects. He brought up many foods for thoughts in which I even had overlooked or didn't really think too deeply into but they are very important. What are the barriers to using these videos? What if they are copyrighted? What if they cost? If they do not currently cost, is there a "catch"? What if we cannot find what we need or if we do, what issues arise from the information embedded in these videos? Elliot brought up some good points that made me ponder. Then Hesham presented his views on videos being used for educational purposes. Right away he started with statistics as to how number of views viewed on the Internet as increased drastically over a one year study from 2008-2009. Imagine how much it is currently being vied in 2010. Videos have been increasingly viewed and used at all educational levels however then have been quickly more viewed in higher education. I remember watching videos mostly at the primary level and they were almost nonexistent a the secondary level unless we had a substitute teacher or the like. I never thought of them as educational purposes however looking back now, this makes complete sense.

Next, Dr. Bonk shared his views on this online video's rise through a very intriguing lecture. He started by talking about Elliot Masie views on Learning Trends. YouTube, Podcasts, Video Reports, Learning Modules videos, Skype, Webinar Video Elements, and High Definition Video Conferencing are a few of the Learning Trends that education has been taught/viewed through. For example, when YouTube first arrived, there were views but none like today.  In the article by Downes (2008), he listed YouTube as one of the places to go on the Internet. In fact, YouTube is the most popular site on the web to date (Bonk 2010).

We have been told that video is an important educational tool and it has to make ideas clearer, but why exactly do we use video? First, we learn that 64% of Internet users have downloaded or watched a video online and only 14% have posted a video(Purcell 2010). Of those that posted a video, 41% they were surprised that any watched the video less alone the number of those that did watch the video (Purcell 2010). Over a two year study, ranging from 18-29 year old and 30-49 year olds, both male and females were equal in uploading videos (Purcell 2010). What does this all mean? This continues to show the importance of online videos for educational purposes. 


In Bonk's lecture (2010), he states 8 reasons for using video:

1.Importance of shared online video: educational psychologists such as David Ausubel (1978) argued that knowledge was hierarchically organized.

2. New learning concepts and ideas to be subsumed under or anchored within prior learning experiences.

3. Ausubel suggested that new information is going to be meaningful if it is anchored (i.e., attached or related) to what learners already know and understand.

4. YouTube videos can help in that regard. A key part of this effort is finding ways to link prior learning experiences to new concepts and ideas.

5. Advance Organizers: Provide a context, richer learning, can be replayed for key concepts, bring students to the real world, discussion, reflection, common experience, and the potential for higher order thinking skills.

6. Dual coding theory (learning information verbally and visually is more richly stored): Alan Paivio.

7. Anchored instruction and macrocontexts: John Bransford and colleagues.

8. Multimedia theory: Richard Mayer.

These are all great reasons but there are three that stand out the most to me as a College Student in Higher Education. First, new learning concepts and ideas can be easily uploaded, streamed and edited by used of video to a large audience internationally. Secondly, Dual coding theory is exemplified through the video streaming conference. We can take what we read, what we get via a traditional lecture, and get a visual perspective through videos. Thirdly, multimedia theory to me goes hand-in-hand with the dual coding theory as it adds another way to learn.

Presented in class, we learned of over 50 links to various Shared Online Video Resources and Portals. These links ranged from YouTube to Monkey See to EduTube just to name a few. These links provided additional links to educational videos, how to videos and more. In our technology advancing learning society, we have gone beyond in class discussion, articles, books, movies, blogs, Wikis, and more to video streaming.  Shared online video can be used by just about anyone such as Instructors starting the class with a video as an ice breaker, formal learners being encouraged to find and share a video applicable to the topic at hand, as well as informal learners just browsing and watching instructional videos (Bonk 2010) just to name a few.

Though online videos can be helpful and educational, they can also be destructive. Alexandra Juhasz stated in his blog I Proclaim the Stuff on YouTube to be Leprous. Just like with any other resource, it can be helpful or hurtful. YouTube and other Online Videos are what you make of it. When using these for educational purposes, it is important to remember to:


1.When using shared online videos, consider the learning theory or approach makes them more powerful than other media.
2.Assign students to reflect on why or how you used them.
3. Length of video for activities should be less than 10 minutes and preferably under 4 minutes.
4. Considering offering online video creation as an option—can foster student creativity.
5. Instead of finding all course videos, offer the student the chance to find and show 1-2 free online videos.
6. Watch and approve all videos before selecting.
7. Test videos online (or, if FTF, in the room you will use) to check for link rot or video removal.
8. Have back-up videos in case do not work or are taken down.
9. Have a guidesheet, job aid, or scaffold to help students evaluate the validity of sources (issues of credibility/authority, quality, design, etc.)
10. Many unconventional videos might be used to emphasize key points from class (e.g. old television programs or other non-educationally produced) (These 10 Advice and Guidelines are from Bonk 2010).

If you are able to remember and meet these ten advice and guidelines, then online video education will be free of problems. This is most definitely easier said than done.

 References

1. Alexandra Juhasz blog posts: “I Proclaim the Stuff on YouTube to be Leprous,” Media Praxis (February 29, 2008), http://aljean.wordpress.com/2008/02/29/i-proclaim-the-stuff-of-youtube-to-be-leprous/

2. Curtis Bonk (2010). Week 9 PowerPoint: The Rise of Shared Online Cideo, the Fall of Traditional Learning. Monday, October 25, 2010.

3. Stephen Downes (2008). “Places to Go: YouTube,” Innovate: Journal of Online Education, http://innovateonline.info/pdf/vol4_issue5/Places_to_Go-__YouTube.pdf
4.  Kristen Purcell (2010, June 3). The State of Online Video. Pew Internet & American Life Project. Pew Internet & American Life Project.http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2010/PIP-The-State-of-Online-Video.pdf